PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN PADI (Oryza sativa L.) DI MEDIA VERTISOL DAN ENTISOL PADA BERBAGAI TEKNIK PENGATURAN AIR DAN JENIS PUPUK (GROWTH AND YIELD RICE ON VERTISOL AND ENTISOL MEDIA UNDER VARIOUS IRRIGATION TECHNIQUES AND TYPES OF FERTILIZERS)

Abstract

Penelitian ditujukan untuk menentukan apakah aplikasi pupuk organik berupa Bokashi pupuk kandang sapi pada teknik budidaya padi hemat air (Gogo rancah dan SRI) memberikan dampak positif terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman padi (Oryza sativa L.) varietas Ciherang pada dua jenis tanah, dibandingkan dengan teknik budidaya padi secara konvensional. Dari hasil percobaan pot dalam rumah kaca Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Mataram, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pertumbuhan tanaman padi tidak berbeda nyata antara aplikasi pupuk organik (30 t/ha) dan pupuk anorganik, tetapi komponen hasil (jumlah anakan produktif, jumlah gabah berisi, berat 100 gabah dan hasil gabah kering panen) masih lebih tinggi pada pemupukan anorganik. Demikian pula pengaruh teknik pengaturan air, teknik penggenangan secara konvensional memberikan hasil gabah tertinggi dibandingkan dengan Gogo rancah dan SRI. Namun demikian, ada interaksi antara teknik pengaturan air dan jenis tanah, di mana di tanah entisol, jumlah anakan produktif sedikit lebih tinggi pada sistem Gogo rancah daripada konvensional. Jika dikaitkan dengan jenis pupuk, pada teknik konvensional di tanah entisol, hasil gabah tidak berbeda nyata antara aplikasi pupuk organik dan anorganik. Karena sifat “slow release” pupuk organik, perlu dilakukan penelitian jangka panjang dalam usaha transformasi dari sistem anorganik menjadi organik, terutama pada teknik budidaya padi hemat air (Gogo rancah dan SRI).

ABSTRACT

This research was aimed to examine if application of organic fertilizer in the form of EM-4 fermented cattle manure (Bokashi) on water thrifty techniques of growing rice (“Gogo rancah” and SRI) gives positive impacts on growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) var. Ciherang on two types of soil, compared with the conventional technique. Based on the results obtained from a pot experiment conducted in the glasshouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Mataram University, it was concluded that growth or rice plants was not significantly different between application of organic (30 t/ha) and inorganic fertilizers, but its yield components (number of productive tillers, filled grains, weight of 100 seeds, and grain yield) were still higher on inorganic fertilization. So did the effect of water management technique, in which the conventional (flooding) technique resulted in the highest grain yield compared with “Gogo rancah” and SRI techniques. However, there were interaction effects between water management technique and soil type, in which number of productive tillers was slightly higher on “Gogo rancah” than the conventional technique. When related to fertilizer types, in the conventional technique, grain yield was not significantly different between organic and inorganic fertilization on entisol. Due to the “slow release” nature of organic fertilizer, a more long-term research needs to be conducted in an effort to convert from inorganic to organic system, especially on water thrifty techniques of growing rice (“Gogo rancah” and SRI).