KAJIAN KERAGAMAN GENETIK PADA POPULASI F2 HASIL PERSILANGAN BLEWAH (Cucumis melo var cantalupensis) DENGAN MELON (Cucumis melo L.) THE STUDY OF THE GENETIC VARIATION ON F2 POPULATION RESULTED OF HYBRIDIZATION BETWEEN CANTALOUPE (Cucumis melo var cantalupensis) AND MELON (Cucumis melo L.)

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kergaman genetik pada populasi F2 hasil persilangan blewah dengan melon. Percobaan ini dilakukan di Kebun Koleksi dan Hibridisasi, Kelurahan Pejeruk, Kecamatan Ampenan pada bulan Oktober 2015 sampai Januari 2016. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan yaitu G1 (P1 Blewah Lonjong), G2 (P2 Melon Putih), G3 (F2 BLXMP) dan G4 (F2 MPXBL). Perlakuan G1 dan G2 diulang sebanyak 4 kali sedangkan perlakuan G3 dan G4 diulang sebanyak 16 kali sehingga diperoleh 40 unit percobaan. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan analisis keragaman, koefisien keragaman genetik dan heritabilitas yang diduga berdasarkan analisis keragaman dan metode Mahmud-Kramer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keragaman genetik pada populasi F2 hasil persilangan blewah dengan melon beragam dari nilai yang paling tinggi (36%) sampai paling rendah (0,2%), poulasi F2 keragamannya lebih besar dibandingkan dengan kedua tetuanya. Nilai heritabilitas yang diduga berdasarkan metode Mahmud-Kramer beragam, yang tegolong rendah yaitu jumlah bunga jantan (3,7%) dan jumlah cabang produktif (17%), yang tergolong sedang pada umur bunga jantan (44%), kadar gula (25%brix), dan bobot buah segar (28%), sedangkan yang tergolong tinggi panjang tanaman (79%), jumlah bunga betina (91%), umur bunga betina (92%), umur panen (74%), diameter batang (89%), diameter buah (54%) dan panjang buah (72%).Nilai heritabilitas yang diduga berdasarkan analisis keragaman yang tergolong rendah yaitu umur bunga jantan (9%), umur panen (10%), diameter batang (9,5%), bobot buah segar (10%), panjang buah (9,5%) dan jumlah cabang produktif (6,8%), yang tergolong sedang jumlah bunga jantan (25%) dan kadar gula (30%), sedangkan yang tergolong tinggi hanya pada diameter buah (56%).

ABSTRACT

The objective of this research was to study the genetic variation on F2 population resulted of hybridization between cantaloupe and melon. This research was conducted in the Collection and hybridization Garden, Pejeruk Village, Ampenan District in October 2015 to January 2016. The experimental design used was completely randomized design (CRD), which consists of 4 treatments ie: G1 (P1 Cantaloupe Oval), G2 (P2 Melon white), G3 (F2 BLxMP) and G4 (F2 MPxBL). G1 and G2 treatments were repeated 4 times while the G3 and G4 treatments were repeated 16 times thus obtained 40 experimental units. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance, genetic variation coefficients and heritability estimated based on analysis of variance and Mahmud-Kramer method. The results of this research showed that the genetic variation on F2 population of hybridization between cantaloupe and melon was varywith the highest scores (36%) to the lowest score (0.2%), the variation on F2 population was  greater than their parents. Heritability values ​​ estimated based on Mahmud-Kramer method was vary, the lowest score was on the number of male flowers (3.7%) and the number of productive branches (17%), classified as medium score was on  the age of male flowers (44%), sugar content (25% brix), and the weight of fresh fruit (28%), while a high score was plant length (79%), the number of female flowers (91%), the age of the female flowers (92%), harvesting day(74%), stem diameter (89% ), fruit diameter (54%) and fruit length (72%). Heritability Value estimated based on analysis of variance classified as low level was age of male flowers (9%), harvesting date (10%), stem diameter (9.5%), the weight of the fresh fruit (10%),  fruit length (9.5%) and the number of productive branches (6.8%). classified as moderate was amount of male flowers (25%) and sugar (30%), while the high level was only in fruit diameter (56%).