KERAGAMAN GENETIK BEBERAPA SIFAT DAN SELEKSI KLON BERULANG SEDERHANA PADA TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH KULTIVAR AMPENAN (GENETIC VARIANCE OF SEVERAL TRAITS AND SIMPLE RECURRENT CLONE SELECTION ON CULTIVAR AMPENAN OF ONION)

Abstract

ABSTRAK

            Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman genetik beberapa sifat tanaman bawang merah Kultivar Ampenan dan memperbaiki sifat-sifat umbi bibit selama tiga siklus serta persentase susut selama penyimpanan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan teknik survei serta observasi langsung pertanaman petani. Sedangkan seleksi menggunakan metode seleksi klon berulang sederhana. Survei dan observasi dilakukan di tiga wilayah sentral produksi bawang merah kultivar Ampenan, yaitu desa Bongor, Mamben dan Swela.  Data  hasil pengamatan dianalisa dengan analisis ragam. Seleksi klon berulang sederhana dilakukan dengan memilih sebanyak 10 persen rumpun yang jumlah daun dan jumlah umbi per rumpun sesuai dengan kriteria umbi bibit.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa keragaman genetik antar sifat yang diamati berbeda dilihat dari nilai koefisien keragaman genetiknya (KKG). Nilai KKG tertinggi diperoleh pada jumlah daun per rumpun, yakni 39,15 % dan terendah pada tinggi tanaman sebesar 1,60 %. Telah dilakukan seleksi klon berulang sederhana selama tiga siklus dan diperoleh populasi F3 , yaitu 20 klon harapan. Persentase susut berat umbi yang disimpan selama 3 bulan untuk populasi dasar sebesar 17,43 % dan populasi F1 14,28 %.

ABSTRACT

            The aims of this research were to know genetic variance of several traits on Ampenan cultivar of onion, to improve the traits of their seed bulbs for three cycles, and to minimaize seed bulbs weight reduction percentage during storage. In this research, the descriptive method was used, through survey technique and direct observation on farmers’ plantation, while for selection, a simple recurrent technique was used. Survey and observation were done at three central production areas of Ampenan onion, i.e. in Bongor, Mamben and Swela villages. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance. The simple recurrent clone selection was done by selecting 10 percent of onion clumps having leaves and bulb number in accordance with criteria of bulb seeds.

            Results indicated that genetic variances between observed traits were different based on their coefficients of genetic variability. The highest coefficient of genetic variability was obtained on leaf number per clump, i.e. 39.15%, and the lowest value was obtained from plant height, i.e. only 1.60%. From the simple recurrent clone selection, F3 populations were obtained,  20 expected clones. The percentage of bulb weight reduction that stored during three months  for base population was 17.43 % and F1 population was 14.28 %.