PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN PADI VAR. CIHERANG DENGAN TEKNIK BUDIDAYA “SRI (SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION)” PADA BERBAGAI UMUR DAN JUMLAH BIBIT PER LUBANG TANAM (GROWTH AND YIELD OF RICE UNDER “SRI (SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION)” TECHNIQUE AT VARIOUS AGES AND NUMBERS OF SEEDLINGS PER HILL)

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Perbedaan pelaksanaan yang paling prinsip antara teknik SRI dan konvensional dalam budidaya padi adalah pengairan yang intermittent selama fase vegetatif dan mengutamakan pupuk organik, di samping anjuran penanaman bibit muda dan tunggal pada SRI. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk menguji pengaruh umur dan jumlah bibit per lubang tanam terhadap hasil padi pada teknik budidaya SRI, dengan melakukan percobaan pot yang ditempatkan di halaman terbuka dan ditata menurut Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 3 ulangan dan 2 faktor perlakuan, yaitu umur bibit pindah tanam (5, 10 atau 15 HSS) dan jumlah bibit per lubang tanam (1, 2 atau 3 bibit). Percobaan dilaksanakan di desa Gerung (Lombok Barat) pada bulan Juli sampai Nopember 2006, menggunakan padi (Oryza sativa L.) varietas Ciherang.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat interaksi yang nyata antara kedua faktor perlakuan, tetapi faktor umur bibit memberikan lebih banyak pengaruh nyata, yaitu terhadap pertumbuhan jumlah daun, tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, berat jerami kering, jumlah anakan produktif dan persentase gabah hampa, dibandingkan dengan jumlah bibit per lubang tanam, yaitu hanya terhadap pertumbuhan jumlah daun dan anakan. Persentase gabah hampa semakin rendah dengan semakin muda umur bibit pindah tanam, terutama kalau menggunakan penanaman bibit tunggal. Walaupun tidak signifikan, ada kecenderungan bahwa hasil gabah tertinggi diperoleh pada kombinasi perlakuan umur bibit 10 hari dengan penanaman 2 atau 3 bibit per lubang tanam, yang juga didukung oleh adanya kecenderungan jumlah anakan produktif yang tinggi, terutama dengan 3 bibit per lubang tanam. Namun perlu dicarikan solusi bagaimana mengurangi persentase gabah hampa dan/atau meningkatkan indeks panen.

ABSTRACT

The main differences in the implementation of SRI versus conventional techniques of rice culture are the application of intermittent irrigation during vegetative stages and the importance of manures besides transplanting of very young and single seedlings in SRI practice. This research was aimed to examine the effects of age and number of seedlings per hill at transplanting on yield of rice under SRI technique, by conducting a pot experiment on an open field, designed based on Completely Randomized Design with three replicates and two factorial treatment factors, i.e. seedling ages at transplanting (5, 10 or 15 days after sowing) and number of seedlings per hill (1, 2 or 3 seedlings). The experiment was carried out at Gerung village (West Lombok) from July to November 2006, using “Ciherang” variety of rice (Oryza sativa L.).

The results indicated that there was no significant interaction between the two treatment factors, but seedling age factor showed significant effects on more observation variables, including growth rates of leaf number, plant height, and tiller number, and dry straw weight, productive tillers and percentage of unfilled grains, when compared with the treatment factor of seedling number per hill, which showed significant effects only on growth rate of leaf number and tiller number. Percentages of unfilled grains were lower when younger seedlings were transplanted, especially when transplanting single seedlings. Although it was not significant, there was a tendency that highest yield could be obtained from the treatment combination of transplanting 2 or 3 seedlings of ten-days old, which was supported by a tendency to obtain the highest number of productive tillers, especially with transplantation of 3 seedlings per hill. However, more researches need to be conducted to find out how to reduce percentage of unfilled grains and/or to increase harvest index.