KARAKTERISASI PRODUKSI DAN KUALITAS MINYAK NILAM HASIL KULTUR IN VITRO PADA BUDIDAYA TANAMAN SELA KAKAO DAN KELAPA (CHARACTERIZATION OF PATCHOULY OIL QUALITY AND PRODUCTION GENERATED IN VITRO CULTURE ON COCOA AND COCONUT ALLEY CROPPING)

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Pemanfaatan tanaman nilam hasil perbanyakan kultur jaringan yang toleran terhadap naungan merupakan salah satu  alternatif dalam upaya memanfaatkan areal pertanaman di bawah tegakan, khususnya pada areal perkebunan tanaman kakao dan kelapa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui produksi dan kualitas nilam hasil kultur in vitro yang dibudidayakan sebagai tanaman sela kakao dan kelapa. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan adalah somaklon yang diperoleh dari hasil seleksi in vitro dan iradiasi sinar gamma yaitu somaklon TT75, TT1020-B11, TT0020-L2, TT0515-M3 dan tanaman induk sebabagai tanaman kontrol.  Penelitian dilaksanakan di kebun kakao rakyat  Polman, Sulawesi Barat dan analisis kadar minyak dan patchouly alcohol (PA)  dilakukan di Laboratorium unit penyulingan minyak atsiri Balai Penelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik  (BALITRO) Bogor.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa somaklon tanaman nilam hasil kultur jaringan mempunyai kadar minyak dan PA lebih tingggi dibandingkan dengan tanaman kontrol. Somaklon TT1020-B11 dan TT0020-L2 mempunyai kadar minyak dan PA lebih stabil pada kondisi iklim mikro di bawah tegakan, sehingga dapat dikembangkan sebagai tanaman sela di bawah tegakan.

ABSTRACT

Utilization of patchouli plant generated from tissue culture propagation that tolerant to shading is one of the effort to useful of planting area under the standing plants, especially on cocoa and coconut plantation. This research aimed to study patchouli oil quality and production generated in vitro culture on cocoa and coconut alley cropping system.  The plant material used was somaclones obtained from in vitro selection and Gamma irradiation. Somaclones were TT75, TT1020-B11,-L2 TT0020, TT0515-M3 and   plant control (plant without in vitro selection and irradiation). The experiment was conducted in the People's cocoa plantation Polman, West Sulawesi. Analysis of oil content and Patchouly Alcohol (PA) were conducted at the Laboratory of essential oil distillation unit of Research Institute for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (BALITRO), Bogor.  The experiement results showed that patchouli somaclones resulted of in vitro selection had higher oil and PA content than control plant. Somaclones TT1020 and TT0020-B11-L2 had oil and PA content more stable in microclimate conditions under alley cropping system.